Knowledge and evaluation of the environment in traditional societies of Nepal
نویسندگان
چکیده
In the interpretation of ecological relations problems of understanding frequently occur between scientists or experts educated in the West and the local population. As a basis for ecologically sound environmental planning, one that does not bypass the needs of the population, the ways the environment is perceived and evaluated must therefore also be elucidated. A line of research that sets itself the task of analyzing ethnospecific knowledge of the environment and the resulting behavior of traditional societies can be set within the context of geographical "man-environment" concepts, as well as within "studies in ethnoscience," in particular ethnoecological and classificatory approaches. Two examples of knowledge and evaluation of the natural environment are presented in the following: I) The soils in Gorkha from the perspective of the local population (Middle Hills of Nepal); II) Knowledge .and evaluation of the environment among the Chitawan Tharus: the example of the forests and grasslands (Rapti Dun, Churia Range);! RÉSUMÉ Connaissance et évaluation de l'environnement dans les sociétés traditionnelles du Népal. Des différences d'interprétation des relations écologiques existent souvent entre la population locale et les chercheurs et experts éduqués en Occident. Il est indispensable d'élucider les différentes manières dont l'environnement est perçu et évalué si l'on veut établir une base solide pour une planification environnementale qui soit écologiquement saine, c'est-à-dire une planification qui n'ignore pas les besoins de la population locale. On peut définir une stratégie de recherche qui vise à analyser la connaissance ethna-spécifique de l'environnement et le comportement résultant des sociétés traditionnelles, dans le cadre de concepts géographiques "homme-environnement" aussi bien que d'''études ethnoscientifiques," en particulier les approches ethna-écologiques et classificatoires. Les études suivantes fournissent deux exemples de connaissance et d'évaluation du milieu naturel: I) Les sols du Gorkha du point de vue de la population locale (Moyen Pays central du Népal); II) Connaissance et évaluation de l'environnement parmi les Chitawan Tharu: L'exemple des forêts et des prairies (Rapti Dun, Chaîne du Churia). ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Umweltkenntnis und Umweltbewertung in traditionellen GesellschaftenNepals. Bei der Interpretation ökologischer Zusammenhänge bestehen häufig Verständigungsprobleme zwischen westlich gebildeten Wissenschaftlern oder Experten und den Bewohnern eines ihnen fremden Kulturraums . Als Grundlage für eine ökologische Umweltplanung, die nicht an den Bedürfnissen der Bevölkerung vorbeigehen soll, müssen daher auch ihre Vorstellungen und Bewertungen von der natürlichen Umwelt offengelegt werden. Programmatisch läßt sich ein Forschungsansatz, der sich die Analyse der ethnospezifischen Kenntnis der Umwelt und das daraus resultierende Verhalten traditioneller Gesellschaften zur Aufgabe macht, in den Kontext geographischer "Mensch-Umwelt" Konzepte stellen, aber auch den "Studies of Ethnoscience," insbesondere ethnoökologischen und klassifikatorischen Ansätzen zuordnen. Zwei Beispiele zur Umweltkenntnis und Umweltbewertung werden im folgenden dargestellt: I) Die Böden in Gorkha aus der Sicht der lokalen Bevölkerung (zentrales Bergland von Nepal); II) Umweltkenntnis und Bewertung bei den Chitawan-Tharu am Beispiel des Waldes und der Hochgrasfluren (Rapti Dun, Churia-Kette).
منابع مشابه
Ethnic Communities Own Agrobiodiversity Richness (A Case of Triyuga Municipality of Udayapur District In "epal)
The study was conducted in two settlements of ethnic communities in Triyuga municipality of Udayapur district, Nepal. The main objective of the study was to prepare an inventory of cultivated diversity of plants and animal species by the ethnic communities in the research site and their use in farming and in sustaining the livelihoods. The study has been based on data collected through personal...
متن کاملIntegrated Pest Management Farmer Field School for Sustainable Agriculture
The study was conducted among the two farmer groups in Bhaktapur and Kavre districts of Nepal. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of IPM FFS on creating awareness and disseminating the knowledge on sustainable pest management to the farmers and to assess the relationships between enhanced IPM knowledge and adoption of IPM strategies by the farmers. The study has be...
متن کاملIntroduction of Local Knowledge on Watershed Management and Aquaculture in Iran (Case Study of Hormozgan Province)
Abstract Indigenous knowledge in the field of water and soil has attracted great attention due to its desirable functions, in particular ensuring high compatibility and maintaining ecological balance as well as attracting popular support and encouraging participation. The need for technology and knowledge that, while responding to the growing needs of societies, will also use the natural reso...
متن کاملچگونگی ارتقای کیفی عناصر برنامه درسی روان شناسی اجتماعی (پیوند انجمنهای علمی با آموزش عالی)
This course would present the organized knowledge and help to promote the level of ecology of science, enriching feed back to the consequences of activities and opportunities of students a nd to devote evaluation to themselves. Social and Environmental perception , mutual relationship betwin individual and group, social practic and theory,descriptive terminology.valid references and life-time...
متن کاملA Comparative Study on the Status of Elderly In the Traditional and Modern Societies
Over the past two centuries, the rapid socio-economic transformations along with substantial advances in medicine have resulted in decrease of mortality rate, the significant increase of life expectancy, and the growth of the population aging. In despite of the increased proportion of elderly in the recent periods, their status has significantly decreased. Elderly in the traditional societies h...
متن کاملDocumentation of traditional knowledge about wild medicinal plants of moist temperate Himalayas in Pakistan
The moist temperate Himalayas, as one of the major ecological zone of Pakistan, deserve specific attention to the conservation of environment and the sustainable development of natural resources. During the last hundred years, the area has been subjected to major structural changes leading to a decrease of about fifty per cent of the potential forest area. The decrease in forest cover, combined...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2010